Thematic Categories Research Articles

"I'll take them another day": A qualitative study exploring the socio-behavioral complexities of childhood vaccination in urban poor settlements.

Despite improvement over recent decades, childhood vaccination uptake remains a concern across countries. The World Health Organization observed that over 25 million children missed out on one or more vaccines in 2021, with urban poor and other marginalized groups being the most affected. Given the higher risk of disease transmission and vaccine-preventable diseases (VPD) outbreaks across densely populated urban slums, identifying effective interventions to improve childhood vaccination in this vulnerable population is crucial. This study explored the behavioral and social factors influencing childhood vaccination uptake in urban informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya. A grounded theory approach was employed to develop a theoretical account of the socio-behavioral determinants of childhood vaccination. Five focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with purposively sampled caregivers of children under five years of age residing in informal settlements. The Theory of Planned Behavior guided the structuring of the FGD questions. An iterative process was used to analyze and identify emerging themes. Thirty-nine caregivers (median age 29 years) participated in the FGDs. From the analysis, four main thematic categories were derived. These included attitude factors such as perceived vaccine benefits, cultural beliefs, and emotional factors including parental love. Additionally, subjective norms, like fear of social judgment, and perceived behavioral control factors, such as self-control and gender-based influences, were identified. Furthermore, a number of practical factors, including the cost of vaccines and healthcare providers attitude, also affected the uptake of vaccination. Various social, behavioral, cultural, and contextual factors influence caregiver vaccination decisions in urban poor settings. Community-derived and context-specific approaches that address the complex interaction between socio-behavioral and other contextual factors need to be tested and applied to improve the timely uptake of childhood vaccinations among marginalized populations.

Metaphors postgraduates use to depict their student experience

In an Australian national study into student constructions of postgraduate education, 38 students (masters and doctoral) were asked to draw literal or figurative pictures of their experience. Manual thematic analysis of interview transcripts revealed 33 metaphors. Metaphors were coded into individualistic, personal constructions (Me), relational community depictions (Us) and digital or information technology conceptualisations (IT) which were mapped to the Community of Inquiry (CoI) Framework’s elements of Cognitive, Social and Teaching Presence. The highest proportion of metaphors were about personal gain and process. The next largest thematic category was relational, mostly depicting what students think others should give, rather than student contribution. Aligned with this theme, students also used metaphors of isolation and perceptions of a missing ‘us’ factor. There were few metaphors drawn from the language of information technology and/or digital presence, which seems to flag a domain of the postgraduate student experience that requires further development. The key takeaways from this paper are expanded information about digital presence in postgraduate student experience, as well as quality improvement recommendations for universities.

On Embedding Implementations in Text Ranking and Classification Employing Graphs

This paper aims to enhance the Graphical Set-based model (GSB) for ranking and classification tasks by incorporating node and word embeddings. The model integrates a textual graph representation with a set-based model for information retrieval. Initially, each document in a collection is transformed into a graph representation. The proposed enhancement involves augmenting the edges of these graphs with embeddings, which can be pretrained or generated using Word2Vec and GloVe models. Additionally, an alternative aspect of our proposed model consists of the Node2Vec embedding technique, which is applied to a graph created at the collection level through the extension of the set-based model, providing edges based on the graph’s structural information. Core decomposition is utilized as a method for pruning the graph. As a byproduct of our information retrieval model, we explore text classification techniques based on our approach. Node2Vec embeddings are generated by our graphs and are applied in order to represent the different documents in our collections that have undergone various preprocessing methods. We compare the graph-based embeddings with the Doc2Vec and Word2Vec representations to elaborate on whether our approach can be implemented on topic classification problems. For that reason, we then train popular classifiers on the document embeddings obtained from each model.

Locked in Tradition: Upholding Child Marriage Practice in East Gojjam Zone, Ethiopian

Although many community members realize the adverse legal and health effects of child marriage, they continue to engage in it. This qualitative study examines the factors that keep community members locked in the tradition of child marriage and thereby illuminates how traditions perpetuate child marriage and make it difficult to control. Thematic analysis and categorization of data (from 21 female child marriage victims, seven key local informants, and four focus group discussions) into five major themes reveal that parents covertly undertake child marriage because they view it as a rite of passage, safety measure, and a way to gain acceptance from their respective groups. Vital registration, law revision, and strengthening of local associations are recommended to stop child marriages.

A Typology of Social Media Use by Human Service Nonprofits: Mixed Methods Study.

Nonprofit organizations are increasingly using social media to improve their communication strategies with the broader population. However, within the domain of human service nonprofits, there is hesitancy to fully use social media tools, and there is limited scope among organizational personnel in applying their potential beyond self-promotion and service advertisement. There is a pressing need for greater conceptual clarity to support education and training on the varied reasons for using social media to increase organizational outcomes. This study leverages the potential of Twitter (subsequently rebranded as X [X Corp]) to examine the online communication content within a sample (n=133) of nonprofit sexual assault (SA) centers in Canada. To achieve this, we developed a typology using a qualitative and supervised machine learning model for the automatic classification of tweets posted by these centers. Using a mixed methods approach that combines machine learning and qualitative analysis, we manually coded 10,809 tweets from 133 SA centers in Canada, spanning the period from March 2009 to March 2023. These manually labeled tweets were used as the training data set for the supervised machine learning process, which allowed us to classify 286,551 organizational tweets. The classification model based on supervised machine learning yielded satisfactory results, prompting the use of unsupervised machine learning to classify the topics within each thematic category and identify latent topics. The qualitative thematic analysis, in combination with topic modeling, provided a contextual understanding of each theme. Sentiment analysis was conducted to reveal the emotions conveyed in the tweets. We conducted validation of the model with 2 independent data sets. Manual annotation of 10,809 tweets identified seven thematic categories: (1) community engagement, (2) organization administration, (3) public awareness, (4) political advocacy, (5) support for others, (6) partnerships, and (7) appreciation. Organization administration was the most frequent segment, and political advocacy and partnerships were the smallest segments. The supervised machine learning model achieved an accuracy of 63.4% in classifying tweets. The sentiment analysis revealed a prevalence of neutral sentiment across all categories. The emotion analysis indicated that fear was predominant, whereas joy was associated with the partnership and appreciation tweets. Topic modeling identified distinct themes within each category, providing valuable insights into the prevalent discussions surrounding SA and related issues. This research contributes an original theoretical model that sheds light on how human service nonprofits use social media to achieve their online organizational communication objectives across 7 thematic categories. The study advances our comprehension of social media use by nonprofits, presenting a comprehensive typology that captures the diverse communication objectives and contents of these organizations, which provide content to expand training and education for nonprofit leaders to connect and engage with the public, policy experts, other organizations, and potential service users.

Big data in transportation: a systematic literature analysis and topic classification

AbstractThis paper identifies trends in the application of big data in the transport sector and categorizes research work across scientific subfields. The systematic analysis considered literature published between 2012 and 2022. A total of 2671 studies were evaluated from a dataset of 3532 collected papers, and bibliometric techniques were applied to capture the evolution of research interest over the years and identify the most influential studies. The proposed unsupervised classification model defined categories and classified the relevant articles based on their particular scientific interest using representative keywords from the title, abstract, and keywords (referred to as top words). The model’s performance was verified with an accuracy of 91% using Naïve Bayesian and Convolutional Neural Networks approach. The analysis identified eight research topics, with urban transport planning and smart city applications being the dominant categories. This paper contributes to the literature by proposing a methodology for literature analysis, identifying emerging scientific areas, and highlighting potential directions for future research.

Thematic analysis informed by grounded theory (TAG) in healthcare research: foundations and applications

ABSTRACT Grounded theory (GT) and thematic analysis (TA) are commonly used in qualitative healthcare research. Published by Glaser and Strauss in 1967, GT was the first set of qualitative research strategies described. TA has since been compared with selected GT strategies. This narrative review aims to examine and illustrate how TA can be informed by GT and elucidate a TA informed by GT (TAG) methodology. Utlizing models of researching practice wisdom and reflexive inquiry, fifty author-published TAG studies (1996–2024) were examined. Analysis delineated a TAG methodology and clarifies Glaser and Strauss’s foundational roles in its development. TAG adheres to constructivism. Main GT strategies informing TAG include: comparative, predominantly inductive, and iterative analysis; and coding (data segment labels), category (code group), and thematic (category group) development. TAG can also encompass four-level thematic abstraction, and qualitative inter-rater reliability procedures enhance trustworthiness. TAG is a practical and effective methodological approach for qualitative healthcare research.

Sensory Responsive Environments: A Qualitative Study on Perceived Relationships between Outdoor Built Environments and Sensory Sensitivities

This qualitative study explored the perceived relationships between outdoor built environments and sensory sensitivities, focusing on autism, ADHD, and dyslexia. Thirty-one semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants who had lived experience with these focal groups. Through thematic analysis of their narratives, the study uncovered patterns highlighting the perceived relationships between designed landscapes and sensory sensitivities in neurodivergent individuals, encompassing both heightened sensitivity (hypersensitivity) and reduced sensitivity (hyposensitivity). Emergent themes included individual and personal factors, sensory affordances, the benefits of outdoor environments, ambient environmental factors, materiality, spatial design, navigating environments, pedestrian-centric transportation, sensorimotor movement, safety, refuge, human settlement types, social environments, and accessibility plus inclusion. Subthematic patterns within these larger thematic categories were also identified. Study participants revealed significant sensory barriers and sensorially supportive elements of designed outdoor environments, along with promising design interventions. The findings unveil the advantages of designing multi-sensory landscapes tailored to atypical sensory needs, emphasizing the importance of fostering inclusion by designing landscapes that reflect the communities they serve. This concept is encapsulated in the development of the Sensory Responsive Environments Framework (SREF), the emergent theoretical framework of this study.

Профессиональный образ мира GI в зеркале креолизованного текста (на материале английского языка)

The paper analyses GI’s professional world image. The primary focus is on the axiosphere as manifested in the US military community’s sublanguage. The study centers on the grapheme-iconic modalities through which social stereotypes are expressed within creolised texts. The study’s central objective is to substantiate the hypothesis that the nonconformity inherent in the distinctive substandard linguistic phenomena of the military sublanguage constitutes a form of socially sanctioned, legitimised dissent. This research is aimed at empirically discovering social stereotypes embedded in the vernacular of informal communicative practices. The scholastic novelty of the study resides in the author’s interpretative analysis and categorisation of the social stereotypes encoded in polycode texts. The findings reveal that the informal register of the military sublanguage encapsulates not only the value orientations intrinsic to the institution but also delineates the contentious facets of military service. These facets frequently lurk in obscurity, misaligned with the overarching official narrative. Six thematic categories have been discerned, elucidating the veracities of military life, prototypical characterisations, societal challenges faced by service members, the cultural rift between military personnel and civilians (military-civilian gap), entrenched gender stereotypes, and various elements of the “camouflaged” societal framework. This research offers an inaugural attempt to decode the GI professional world through the lens of stereotypes, drawing upon an array of specialised creolised texts.

Investigating Patient Satisfaction Through Web-Based Reviews of Norwegian Dentists: Quantitative Study Using the Meaning Extraction Method.

Challenging encounters in health care professions, including in dentistry, are relatively common. Challenging encounters can be defined as stressful or emotional situations involving patients that could impact both treatment outcomes and patients' experiences. Through written web-based reviews, patients can share their experiences with health care providers, and these posts can be a useful source for investigating patient satisfaction and their experiences of challenging encounters. This study aims to identify dominant themes from patient-written, web-based reviews of dentists and investigate how these themes are related to patient satisfaction with dental treatment. The study data consisted of 11,764 reviews written by dental patients, which included 1- to 5-star ratings on overall satisfaction and free-text comments. The free-text comments were analyzed using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count software, and the meaning extraction method was used to group words into thematic categories. These themes were used as variables in a multilevel logistic regression analysis to predict patient satisfaction. Eight themes emerged from the analyses, of which 6 (75%)-explanation (odds ratio [OR] 2.56, 95% CI 2.16-3.04; P<.001), assurance (OR 3.61, 95% CI 2.57-5.06; P<.001), performance assessment (OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.84-2.55; P<.001), professional advice (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.55-2.13; P<.001), facilities (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.08-2.91; P=.02), and recommendation (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.12-1.53; P<.001)-increased the odds of high patient satisfaction. The remaining themes (2/8, 25%)-consequences of treatment need (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.20-0.29; P<.001) and patient-centered care (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.52-0.74; P<.001)-reduced the odds of high patient satisfaction. The meaning extraction method is an interesting approach to explore patients' written accounts of encounters with dental health professionals. The experiences described by patients provide insight into key elements related to patient satisfaction that can be used in the education of dental health professionals and to improve the provision of dental health services.

A bibliometric and visual analysis of research trends and hotspots of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A review.

Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHCM) is an inherited cardiac disease caused by mutations of sarcomere proteins and can be the underlining substrate for major cardiovascular events. Early identification and diagnosis of FHCM are essential to reduce sudden cardiac death. So, this paper summarized the current knowledge on FHCM, and displayed the analysis via bibliometrics method. The relevant literature on FHCM were screened searched via the Web of Science Core Collection database from 2012 to 2022. The literatures were was summarized and analyzed via the bibliometrics method analyzed via CiteSpace and VOSviewer according to topic categories, distribution of spatiotemporal omics and authors, as well as references. Since 2012, there are 909 research articles and reviews related to FHCM. The number of publication for the past 10 years have shown that the development of FHCM research has been steady, with the largest amount of literature in 2012. The most published papers were from the United States, followed by the United Kingdom and Italy. The University of London (63 papers) was the institution that published the most research articles, followed by Harvard University (45 papers) and University College London (45 papers). Keywords formed 3 clusters, focused on the pathogenesis of FHCM, the diagnosis of FHCM, FHCM complications, respectively. The bibliometric analysis and visualization techniques employed herein highlight key trends and focal points in the field, predominantly centered around FHCM's pathogenesis, diagnostic approaches, and its complications. These insights are instrumental in steering future research directions in this area.

The Indonesian theater’s laku aktor: a counter discourse to the neoliberal depoliticization of the subject

ABSTRACT Neoliberalism is getting more intense in line with the increasing democratization of Indonesia’s post-Reformation political economy. The discourse of neoliberal freedom that positions individuals as a commodity and an object of administration leads to a process of depoliticization of the subject which is increasingly becoming a serious challenge for the Indonesian norm of collectivity. In moving toward an answer to this challenge, this experience-based article presents the spirit of Laku Aktor in the Indonesian theatrical acting system as a form of political subject category that can be positioned as a counter-discourse to the problem.

IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity Subject Categories for Article Numbering

IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity Subject Categories for Article Numbering

A Systematic Review towards Evolution of Interactive Storytelling and Audience Engagement in Films

This systematic review explores the evolution and impact of interactive storytelling in films on audience engagement. Research questions probed into how interactive storytelling in films has been discussed in literature, the role of technology in shaping narratives, and the influence of audience physiological and emotional responses on storytelling outcomes. The research objectives centered on identifying key themes and the interplay between technology, narrative innovation, and audience interaction in contemporary storytelling. Through a comprehensive selection process, 163 articles were reviewed, resulting in three significant themes: interactive narrative and media convergence, the impact of technology on storytelling, and audience engagement and interaction. Each theme explores the dynamic relationship between technology, diverse narrative structures, and audience participation. Methodologically, an integrative approach was employed to analyze varied research designs, culminating in thematic categorization. The findings call attention to the transformative influence of technology on storytelling and the shift from passive to active audience participation. Future research endeavors could focus on creating a comprehensive framework for an interactive film and ways to implement interactive films into broader mediums such as cinema.

Empowering marginalized communities through legal and financial literacy: The development and impact of the LEFL-Framework.

This study evaluates the impact of the Legal and Financial Literacy Framework (LEFL-Framework) on empowering marginalized communities, focusing on integrating legal and financial literacy as a means of socio-economic empowerment. Employing a systematic literature review and content analysis, the research scrutinizes peer-reviewed journals, official reports, and policy documents published from 2005 onwards. The methodology hinges on a comprehensive search strategy, with inclusion and exclusion criteria meticulously designed to filter relevant literature, followed by a thematic categorization and content analysis to distill key insights. Key discoveries reveal that legal and financial literacy are pivotal in enhancing the socio-economic conditions of marginalized communities, offering them the necessary tools to navigate complex legal and financial environments. The study identifies challenges such as digital divides and cultural barriers but also highlights opportunities through digital learning platforms and cross-sector partnerships. Strategic directions suggest leveraging technology, fostering community-based education, and advocating for policy support to integrate legal and financial literacy into broader educational frameworks. Recommendations are provided for practitioners, policymakers, and community leaders to develop culturally sensitive materials, support policy reforms, and mobilize local resources for sustainable literacy initiatives. The study concludes with a call for ongoing research into innovative educational methodologies, the long-term impacts of literacy programs, and the role of digital technologies in enhancing accessibility and effectiveness. This research underscores the transformative potential of legal and financial literacy in empowering marginalized communities and contributing to their socio-economic advancement.

“I have to fight for them to investigate things”: a qualitative exploration of physical and mental healthcare for women diagnosed with mental illness

IntroductionWomen play a significant role in the management of their own healthcare and that of others, however women diagnosed with mental illness and physical health concerns experience significant health inequalities as compared to people living without mental health concerns.MethodsIn this paper, we reflect on the experiences of 20 cis women diagnosed with mental and physical health concerns who agreed to be a part of this research. This qualitative study is part of the larger Healthtalk Australia research project which was not gender specific. Female participants shared many experiences of mental and physical healthcare in interviews with researchers that pointed to the need for a gendered approach to addressing health inequalities. Consequently, we iteratively consolidated transcripts of interviews with participants into thematic categories facilitated by NVIVO 12.ResultsWe identified two broad themes and a set of subthemes: in the doctor’s office – experience of labelling; negotiating medications; and interactions with physical and mental health, and outside the doctor’s office – responses to trauma, financial concerns, and reliance on participant’s internal resources to get healthcare needs met.DiscussionWe conclude that participants in this study undertook significant work to manage their own healthcare needs, despite being challenged by clinicians and systems that failed to see them as whole people with expertise regarding their own health.

The Linguistic and Thematic Features of Brand Names in Arabic and English: A Contrastive Study

This study investigates the similarities and differences between brand names in Arabic and English, namely Jordanian and American brands. Brand names are analyzed in terms of their thematic associations and their linguistic features. The focus is on three types of Jordanian and American products: food, clothing and services. The methodology followed is quantitative and qualitative, adopting the framework of Chan &amp; Huang (2001) who classify the brands into different categories based on their thematic associations into seven categories. However, this framework has been adapted to include three more categories. The results reveal that the brand names of both countries have similar thematic associations but with different frequencies. It is found that the frequencies of the thematic categories significantly differ between the two countries (and the two languages) regarding the three investigated types of brands. In relation to their linguistic features, some similarities and differences are reported.

A Classification Essay on Islamic Poetry in New Turkish Literature

Objectives: The objectives of this study are to define Islamic poetry, explore its analytical methodology, and provide examples that illustrate its thematic concepts within modern Turkish poetry.   Methods: To achieve these objectives, the study employs the document analysis method, which is a qualitative research approach. The analysis focuses on modern Turkish poetry, examining examples across eight distinct categories of Islamic poetry.   Results: The analysis of Islamic poetry within modern Turkish literature reveals its diverse manifestations across various thematic categories. These include Islamist Poetry, Turkish-Islamic Poetry, Sufi Poetry, Islamic Mystical Poetry, Islamic Metaphysical Poetry, Islamic Cultural Poetry, Religious Poetry, and Islamic Romantic Love Poetry. Each category is exemplified with a poem, showcasing the rich tapestry of Islamic sensibility, motivation, and thematic concepts present in modern Turkish poetry.   Conclusion: In conclusion, this study highlights the enduring influence of Islam on Turkish poetry, both historically and in contemporary times. Through the exploration of Islamic poetry across different thematic categories, the study illustrates the depth and breadth of Islamic sensibility within modern Turkish literature. The researchers' conclusions drawn from the analysis further contribute to our understanding of the role of Islamic poetry in shaping cultural and literary discourse in Turkey.

Использование машинного обучения для тематической разметки текстовых материалов корпуса устной речи

The research aims to determine the effectiveness of the thesaurus method for forming a list of topic classes when using machine learning for the topic classification of text materials of sociolinguistic interviews. The paper considers the potential of using machine learning in the topic annotation of linguistic corpus materials. The polytopical nature of the analyzed material is due to its genre belonging to dialogical speech. The hierarchical structure of the topics, identified as a result of a preliminary introspective analysis of the texts, can be described using a thesaurus. The results of using the unsupervised machine learning method are discussed involving two sets of topic class names: a list of topics used in manual text annotation and an extended list of micro-topics whose names were selected from a Russian language thesaurus. The paper is novel in that it is the first to propose the thesaurus method for selecting topic labels for the zero-shot classification of weakly structured Russian texts. The research findings show that using a more detailed lexical description for topic classes improves the classification result.

Working as a Healthcare Professional at Island Primary Care: An Exploratory Qualitative Study on the Cyclades Islands, Greece.

Improving the quality of and access to healthcare services in rural areas is fundamental to developing sustainable healthcare systems. This research aims to explore the motivations of healthcare professionals to work and settle in rural island areas of Greece with limited access to secondary and tertiary care. The study suggests practical ways to encourage self-motivation and attract more health workers in rural areas. An exploratory qualitative research approach was employed, involving semi-structured interviews with 16 healthcare professionals working in primary-care units that lack direct hospital or hospital-health centre access. The research was conducted specifically in the rural islands of the Cyclades. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify common themes and unique insights from the participants. The analysis revealed three thematic categories. Τhe «attraction» thematic was influenced by personal factors, random selection, origin, accommodation factors, professional factors, and obligatoriness. The «recruitment» thematic was associated with understaffing, special care issues, an unstable working environment, educational and organisational aspects, and an insular lifestyle. The thematic of «retention» highlighted personal issues, accommodation difficulties, economic and work-related issues, and unique challenges posed by an insular lifestyle. This research provides valuable insights into the motivations that drive healthcare professionals to settle, work, and remain in remote island units, as well as the challenges they encounter in making this decision. The study proposes strategies to motivate and attract more healthcare professionals to rural areas. These findings should be considered when formulating or reviewing primary healthcare empowerment policies to ensure equitable healthcare access for all individuals.